City of Mumbai (Bombay) Essay

Towns and cities have a longsighted history in our creative activity, hardly opinions switch on whether any particular ancient settlements squirt be considered to be a urban center. The first true towns argon some dates regard as large settlements where the populations were no longer simply farmers of the surrounding area, only if began to take on specialized occupations, and where trade, regimen storage and queen was centralized. By description of the city, the first we know of were located in Mesopotamia and in Egypt along the Nile. Before this cartridge holder it was uncommon for communities to reach considerable size, although in that respect were exceptions such as Jericho and Mehrgarh.Among the early cities, Mohenjo-daro of the Indus vale Civilization was the largest, with an estimated population of 41,250 , as head as the most developed in some(prenominal) ways, as it was the first to function urban planning, municipal governments, grid plans, drainage, prim e of life toilets, urban sanitation systems, and sewage systems. Our chassis examines politics and government of selected cites such as Chicago and Miami, this paper will drip light on Mumbai, one the servicemans most important and smart ontogeny city.Mumbai is the most populated city in the only told of India and the home of world renowned Bollywood, yet there are still many that have never thus far heard of the city. This is mostly referable in fact to its recent frame change the major(ip)ity of people more or less the world still refer this city as Bombay but in 1995 the major city went under a gain change and now goes by the nurture of Mumbai. Present-day Mumbai was originally a sort out seven islands, and artifacts found near Kandivali, in northern Mumbai indicate that these islands had been inhabited since the rock candy Age. Documented evidence of human fi endure dates back to 250 BC, when it was know as Heptanesia. In 1534, the Portuguese took over the island s from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, and named it Bom Baia, Portuguese for rise-behaved bay.In 1668 these islands were leased to the British East India Company which founded a fat harbor on the east slide of the islands to be ideal for setting up their first port in the sub-continent. non long after, the population rose from 10,000 in 1661, to almost 6 times that in the next fifteen years. The year 1869 marked the opening of the Suez Canal, which transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. Over the next a couple of(prenominal) decades the city grew into a major urban centre, this was spurred by major improvements in theme and the  reflexion of many of the citys institutions.Indias independence in 1947 labelled the city as the official capital letter of Bombay State, and in 1950 with the incorpo symmetryn of the southern move of Salsette Island, the city expanded to its present limits. Until the mid-seventies Calcutta remained as Indias most popu lous city, but thanks to a construction boom and a significant inflow of migrants, Bombay would overtake Calcutta and to this day hold the form of address of Indias most populous city. And in the long run as stated earlier, in 1995, the city was renamed Mumbai by the government of Maharashtra, in safekeeping with their policy of renaming colonial institutions after historical local appellations.As of today the population of Mumbai is approximately 13 million, with a reel density of roughly 29,000 persons per square kilometer. The ratio of women to men is about 81% this shift is created by working males who come from untaught areas. Mumbais overall literacy rate is supra 86%, which is higher than the national average. some other surprising figure is the low discourtesy rate for a city of its size, Mumbai has a moderate plague rate. Mumbai recorded 27,577 incidents of crime in 2004, which is down 11% from 30,991 in 2001. The most common language speak on streets of Mumbai is an informal form of Hindi, cognize as Bambaiya, which can be silk hat described as a conk out of Hindi, Marathi, Indian English and some invented words.Unfortunately, Mumbai suffers urbanisation problems resembling those in many fast parenting cities in developing countries such as the ones we study in the course. Issues of widespread poverty, piteous unexclusive health and high unemployment push a large section of the population. Also, with lowly available space to live, Mumbai inhabitants often reside in overcrowded, yet expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, which leads them to make long commutes on crowded mass transit, or block air polluted roadways. According to the note Week, roughly 45-48% of the population lives in shantytowns and slums.Mumbai is known across the world as the commercial, but primarily, delight capital of India. When focusing on Mumbai its impossible to ignore its entertainment industry. Most of Indias major television and satellite networks are headquartered in Mumbai, as well as its major  issue houses. It is hard to find someone, even all the way here in Montreal that hasnt seen a Bollywood movie. But its not all lights, camera, action in Mumbai, the city withal houses important financial institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the case Stock Exchange of India as well as the somatic headquarters of many Indian companies. Thanks to its immense business opportunities and the relatively high standard of brisk Mumbai has attracted people from all over India and around the world which makes it a hodgepodge of versatile communities and cultures.The bulk of Mumbais prosperity is no longer due to the textile mill and the seaport, the local economy has been diversified to accommodate financial services, engineering, diamond polishing, health elevator care and development technology. Mumba contributes 10% of Indias factory employment, 40% of income impose collections, 60 % of customs handicraft collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of foreign trade and Rupees 40 billion (US$ 9 billion) in corporate taxes. The city is run by the Brihanmumbai municipal Corporation (BMC) (formerly the Bombay Municipal Corporation), with executive power vested in the Municipal Commissioner, who is an IAS officer constitute by the state government. The Corporation comprises 227 in a flash elected Councilors representing the twenty four municipal wards .Mumbai isnt immune to the commuting nightmares that manifestation the citizens of most modern-day metropolitans. The general public, even those considered the upper class, rely on public transport to travel to and from their workplace. The lack of car parking spaces, horrendous traffic and forgetful road conditions makes it pointless for even those who can afford it, to own a vehicle. none the less, Mumba is a very unique city, already over 13 million citizens it continues to grow but at the same tim e continues to prosper and become one of the superior cities of the 21st century.