BASIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING Essays

BASIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING Essays BASIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING Essay BASIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING Essay BASIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING BY Iatr01990 BASIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING BASIC TERMINOLOGY Simple calculations often help in making quality marketing decisions. If we are to assess the likely profit consequences of alternative actions, we must understand the cost associated with doing business as well. We can calculate the expected revenue generated by each pricing strategy, but without cost information, it is not possible to determine the preferred price. The cost concepts we introduce are:- Variable cost Fixed cost Total cost We combine the cost information with price information to determine unit contribution and total contribution. This Figure is a good enough approximation of actual cost behaviour Total cost 0 The total cost line (the solid line) does not go through the origin, i. e. , for a zero output level, total cost is not zero. Fixed cost 0 We call OA the firms fixed costs. Fixed costs are those costs which do not vary with the level of output. An example of a fixed cost is the lease cost of a plant. Variable cost 0 The variable cost increases as output increases. TOTAL COST = FIXED COST + TOTAL VARIABLE COST Contribution Unit contribution = PriceUnit (P) Variable costUnit (VB) Total contribution = (P VB) * Total number of units the firm sells Total contribution = Total revenue Total variable cost Price*Total number Variable cost unit*Total number of unit sells of unit sells The total contribution is the amount available to the firm to cover (or continued to) fixed cost and profit after the variable cost has been deducted from total revenue. Example: Lets solidify our understanding of these definitions by working through he video cassette tape pricing problem. Suppose the unit variable cost k is $4; tnen assumlng tne sales Torecasts pnce = $5 Unit contribution Tor eacn prlce level given aoove are correct: -$1 Total contribution per week * Tot. number of unit sells = * 1,000 units/week= 1 . ooomeeks pnce = $6 = $6- $4-$2 Total contribution per week = $2/unit * 700 units/week pnce = $7. 50 = $7. 50 $4=$3. 50 = 1. 400/weeks Total contribution per week = $3. 50/unit *600 units/week =2. 100/weeks Since, by definition, the fixed cost associated with each output level is the same, the firm is best off by charging $7. 0 since of the three possible prices $7. 50 maximizes the total contribution. MARGIN CALCULATIONS The term margin is sometimes used interchangeably with unit contribution for a manufacturer. Margin is also used to refer to the difference between the acquisition price and selling price ofa good for a member of the channels of distribution. For example, consider Figure D, in which we have the videocassette tape manufacturer selling through a wholesaler, who in turn sells to retailers, who then sell to the public. Each of the three members of the channel of distribution(manufacturer, holesaler, retailer) performs a function and is compensated for it by the margin it receives. RETAILERS PERCENT= SELLING PRICE MARGIN TO CONSUMERS PURCHASE PRICE FROM WHOLESALER SELLING PRICE TO CONSUMERS RETAILERS DOLLAR MARGIN Note that in the denominator of Equation, we have the selling price to consumers. It would have been as logical to put purchase price from wholesaler there instead. It is only by convention that we divide by the selling price. For any member of the channel, we will always compute its percentage margin by dividing its dollar margin by the price at which it sells the goods. BREAK-EVEN VOLUME The BEV is the volume at which the firms total revenues equal total cost; below BEV, the firm has a loss; above BEV, the firm shows a profit. How many units must be sold to cover cos ts- we can ootaln tne answer Dy arawlng a total revenue line as In Hgure F. The point at which the total revenue line cuts the total cost is BEV. BEV = FIXED COST / (PRICE UNIT VARIABLE COST) = FIXED COST / UNIT CONTRIBUTION BEV can be of help in making decisions about unit contribution (through price or variable cost changes) or the appropriate level of fixed costs for a business.

Journalism and Essay Writing Are Not The Same

Journalism and Essay Writing Are Not The SameJournalism and essay writing are two different kinds of academic writing. Both have a significant difference but they are equally significant to the student's ability to learn and understand academic concepts and language. This is because it is in the context of each other that the student develops his or her ability to write and the purpose for which he or she becomes a journalist.Essay writing and journalism are both academically very different from each other in the sense that journalism does not require high academic intelligence or extensive experience in the field of studies. Instead, the journalism student should be highly creative and adventurous. The essay writing academic requirements is different from journalism.There are many types of writing that involve knowledge and understanding of the subject at hand, yet the student's language skills and comprehension are weak. This is one reason why this kind of writing is needed. In jou rnalism, the writing style and vocabulary are not as critical as in essays. However, there are differences between the two due to the fact that both require critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills in order to comprehend what the paper is about.Students who wish to pursue the career of journalism need to be highly skilled with many subjects that deal with journalism and also with the academic area of study that they want to pursue. The student must have a strong interest in the news and its coverage. This means that the student must also possess high academic intelligence to balance the writing style with the different subject matters that both serve to address.Essay writing is all about the use of words that relate to the academic subjects and academic disciplines and areas of study of the student. In this way, essays play a major role in both mastering the different forms of writing and concepts of academic concepts. The essay is, also, the basis for the academic papers t hat are required for the purpose of the students' academic qualifications.The professional writing that comes in academic papers is very much dependent on the style and structure of the academic papers. This is due to the fact that writing a persuasive essay requires a very different technique from the way an essay is written to make a persuasive argument. In journalism, the style of writing and the structure of essays is relatively simple since there is no such thing as a persuasive argument involved.That is the first important distinction between the two writing styles. The second major difference in terms of their academic settings is that journalistic writing may be academic to the extent that the subject matter pertains to academic subjects and academic disciplines, while the essay writing is academically based and on a more general reading level. Academic writing focuses on specific topics related to a particular academic subject.Journalism and academic writing are both academ ic writing but differ significantly from each other in terms of the nature of academic writing and the types of academic writing that they require. Both are academic written in the same way and the academic writing requires the academic writing style.

Research Paper Topics That Is Not Information Technology

Research Paper Topics That Is Not Information TechnologyWhen it comes to online articles, research paper topics will definitely come up, which is good for people who already have a topic and are writing on it. However, when you are writing for research paper topics and subject matter that are outside your area of expertise, you might want to consider how you should approach the research paper topic.Since research paper topics require you to know what you are writing about, this is the first thing that you need to know when writing. It is usually not a good idea to write about information technology because technology is not your specialty, which means that you would not know anything about the topic. This is why research paper topics other than information technology should be considered.One of the best reasons to include some research paper topics that are not related to information technology is that you will not be so over-cautious in terms of what you write. You do not have to kn ow everything about the topic to write a good research paper topic; you just need to focus on the basics and on your goal of being an excellent research paper writer.The second reason why research paper topics should be different is that it allows you to practice your own strengths and areas of expertise. This also gives you the chance to provide more insight into the topic that you are writing about. You can not possibly know everything about information technology, and your topic must include enough information so that you can show readers that you are knowledgeable.In addition, the topics that you write for your research paper topics should be similar to information technology but do not necessarily have to be exactly the same. Your readers will appreciate your attempt at finding a topic that you know something about, and they will also be interested in what you have to say about that topic.In order to learn about research paper topics that are not information technology, you sho uld begin by researching the information technology that is currently in use. This will give you a sense of the types of topics that you should be focusing on in terms of research paper topics.If you know a lot about internet research, it is a good idea to include that as a topic because it will give you a sound base to start from. After that, all you have to do is to research other topics to add depth to your research paper topic.The key is to keep yourself updated with new topics. This way, you can write research paper topics without having to worry about topics that are too familiar to you.

Article Writing-Essay Topics - How to Make Them Consistent

Article Writing-Essay Topics - How to Make Them ConsistentWhen you write an argument research paper you need to be absolutely certain of the topic you are writing about. But it is not enough that you know what the topic is. In fact you need to do so much more than that, otherwise your argument research paper will turn out wrong!This is a final note from me. Writing an argument research paper and preparing your essay topic is very important but you need to remember it is also a crucial step in the whole process. You will have to use certain tools in your research process that will guide you correctly in your preparation. To make sure that your research material is totally unreadable, it is important that you follow these points.First you need to understand that there are two stages in your life course study, that are maturation stage and education stage. And while maturation stage prepares you for the first step in your education, the other step is actually education and the second on e is the life-course study.So when you write an argument research paper, you need to understand that there are two stages and one is why and the other is how? And in order to get your point across and to allow your point to be very convincing and clear, you need to compose your article well at the first stage, that is how stage. In this article I will try to tell you some basic principles of argument writing that will help you compose your arguments in a very good manner.The first thing that you need to understand is that in this stage of the life course you are writing the article with your children or you as the parents discussing about your thoughts and feelings and thoughts and emotions with them. So be very careful when you talk about issues like childhood trauma and suicide, because you are not sure if you are allowed to do that.The second thing that you need to remember is that the writer of the article should not necessarily be a reader of the same subject. You can write in a style that is accessible for people who are not specialists in the subject matter but could be readers. And when you compose an argument research paper with the help of these tools, you will be able to determine if your topic is open to everyone or if you just want to concentrate on your field.In this article I have tried to give you some useful tips on how to prepare an argument research paper and the article which will now be published here is meant for all those who are interested in writing their life course study articles in a particular topic. So please write your article in a way that it can attract people who are not experts on the topic and let them enjoy reading your essay.